Tian Kun 

State Alpine Wetland Research Center, Southwest Forestry University

 

Yunnan’s wetlands are unique wetland type in China. With relative small area, they distribute separately in the plateau, which makes for developing endemic species and provides habitat for rare and endangered species. They are the staging posts on the west migration way and the valuable resource for tourism, also the interlaced area with agriculture, pasture and fishery. Because of human disturbances, the wetland environment in Yunnan is deterioration (wetland area shrinking, biodiversity declining and wetland functions losing) that restricts the local economic development and threatens human beings survivorship.

How to protect and function the wetland resources and biodiversity in Yunnan is an important point has been studying by scientists, economists and governors. Through the experiment of establishing Jianhu national wetland park in northwest Yunnan we expect it will be the way to mitigate the conflicts between the conservation and development, and to solve the complexity among poverty, development and environment protection. By the analysis of achievements and problems in the biodiversity conservation, we believe that the wetland park not only exerts functions and benefits of biodiversity but also effectively protects its habitat, which will bring the mutualism of nature, biology and human beings in the area.

 

Key words： Yunnan’s wetlands；  Biodiversity Conservation；  National Wetland Park Establishment

 

 

西南林学院国家高原湿地研究中心

 

云南高原湿地是我国湿地的独特类型，孤立分散在高原面上，孕育了丰富的特有物种，是许多珍稀濒危物种的栖息地，也是我国西部最重要的候鸟迁徙通道，同时又是价值较高的旅游资源和农业利用强度较大的农、牧、渔交错区，具有特殊的生态保护价值和经济利用价值。近年来，由于人为活动加剧，湿地所受到的干扰日益严重，致使湿地萎缩退化、环境改变、功能衰退或丧失，生物多样性受到严重威胁，人类的生存环境日益恶化，影响着当地经济的可持续发展。

面对日益恶化的生态环境，如何使云南高原湿地的生物多样性与生态环境资源得到有效保护，同时又使这些资源在促进云南地方经济产业发展中发挥重要作用，是当前从政府、科学家到社会各界都在高度关注和认真研究的重大问题。通过在滇西北高原湿地剑湖建立国家湿地公园的尝试，以及对云南湿地生物多样性保护成就，存在问题等的分析，本文提出了在生物多样性富集的云南，应寻找解决贫困、发展和环境间复杂关系的有效途径，加强湿地公园建设，协调和缓解保护与发展的矛盾，充分发挥生物多样性的多种功能与效益，有效保护生物多样性与生态环境，促进和引导该区地理、生物、人类社会复合系统走向互利共存，可持续发展的道路。

 

关键词：云南高原湿地    生物多样性保护    湿地公园建设

 

（编辑：刘想）